Tuesday, February 3, 2009

SOME HIDDEN THINGS IN WINDOWS

Here's the Hidden Things:

1. INSTALLER MUSIC :Start>run>"c:\\windows\system32\oobe\images\title.wma">hit enter

2. HIBERNATE :Start>turn off computer>press shift key to change the "Stand By" button to hibernate

3. HIDDEN DEVICES :Control pannel >system>hardware>device manager>select "view" and show hidden device

4. CHARACTER MAP :Start>run>"charmap.exe">ok

5. CLIPBOARD VIEWERS :Start>run>"clipbrd.exe">ok

6. Dr. WATSON :Start>run>"drwtsn32.exe">ok

7. IEXPREE WIZARD :Start>run>"iexpress.exe">ok

8. WINDOW MEDIA PLAYER 5.1 :Start>run>"mplay32.exe">ok

8. WINDOW MEDIA PLAYER 6.4 :Start>run>"mplayer2.exe">ok

9. ODBC DATA SOURCE ADMINIS. :Start>run>"odbcad32.exe">ok

10.OBJECT PACKAGER :Start>run>"packager.exe">ok

11.SYATEM MONITOR :Start>run>"perfmon.exe">ok

12.NTW SHARE FOLDER WIZARD :Start>run>"shrpuwb.exe">ok

13.FILE SIGNATURE VERI. TOOL :Start>run>"sigverif.exe">ok

14.SYS CONFIGURATION EDITOR :Start>run>"sysedit.exe">ok

15.DRIVER VERIFIER MANAGER :Start>run>"verifier.exe">ok

16.WINDOWS 4 WORKGROUP CHAT :Start>run>"winchat.exe">ok

17.PRIVAET CHRACTER OR GRAPHIC EDITOR :Start>run>"eudcedit">ok

18.ADD OR REMOVE PROGRAMS :Start>run>"appwiz.cpl">ok

19.DIRECT X DIAGANOSIS :Start>run>"dxdiag">ok

Method to enable Task Manager in a System

PROCEDURE

You have to use Group Policy Editor for Windows XP Professional to enable it.

• Click Start>Run>type gpedit.msc and hit Enter.

• Navigate to this line:

User Configuration >> Administrative Templates >> System >> Ctrl+Alt+Delete Options >> Remove Task Manager

• Double-click the Remove Task Manager option.

• Set the policy to “Not Configured”.

Yahoo Messenger trick-How to open Multiple Yahoo msngr

1. Go to start > Run and Type regedit then Press Enter
2. Click on the plus sign near the folder HKEY_CURRENT_USER
3. Click on the plus sign near the folder Software
4. Click on the plus sign near the folder Yahoo
5. Click on the plus sign near the folder Pager
6. Right Click on the folder name Test > New > DWORD Value
7. Right side you will get a file named New Value #1
8. Right Click on the file New Value #1 and Rename it as Plural and press enter
9. Double Click on the file Plural
10. You will get a window named Edit DWORD Value
11. Type 1 inside 'Select the Value data' and press enter
12. Close the registery editor window
13. Now you can launch multiple windows and use different ID's.

NOTE: Where the Symbol (>) represents Goto (or) Select

How to get the Win XP's Product key from CD, If u doesn't know the key

PROCEDURE:

1. Open XP Installation CD

2. Explore i386 folder

3. Find UNATTEND.txt file and open it.

4. Goto end and find the CD Key (Product Key).

Make your windows startup services faster and safer

PROCEDURE:

Open Run and type MSConfig and goto "Services" Tab and then Unslect the following services :

Alerter
Clip book
Messenger
Net Log on
Net meeting
Remote Desktop Sharing
Remote Desktop Help
Session Manager
Remote Registry
Routing & Remote Access Server
Telnet
Wireless Zero Configuration (if no wireless network)

If you use a Single / Standalone PC, the above mentioned services are not required while start up. This changes will make your pc's booting time less.

Monday, February 2, 2009

How the Proxy Server works

A Proxy Server is a computer that offers network and internet access services to the client computers in a network. A proxy is a stand-in for you - someone who does something on your behalf. A proxy server is a kind of stand in for your computer. In an enterprise that uses the Internet, a proxy server is a server that acts as an intermediary between a workstation user and the Internet so that the enterprise can ensure security, administrative control, and caching service.

By using the proxy server you can hide, conceal and make your network id anonymous by hiding your IP address. A proxy server is associated with or part of a gateway server that separates the enterprise network from the outside network and a firewall server that protects the enterprise network from outside intrusion. In short, a Proxy Server can be described as 'A server that sits between a client application, such as a Web browser, and a real server.' To get the anonymous status on the network or Internet, strong intermediate methods are employed like cryptography etc.

How does Proxy Server works?

A proxy server receives a request for an Internet service (such as a Web page request) from a user. If it passes filtering requirements, the proxy server, assuming it is also a cache server , looks in its local cache of previously downloaded Web pages. If it finds the page, it returns it to the user without needing to forward the request to the Internet. If the page is not in the cache, the proxy server, acting as a client on behalf of the user, uses one of its own IP addresses to request the page from the server out on the Internet. When the page is returned, the proxy server relates it to the original request and forwards it on to the user. A good example, and the one you probably see the most, is a web proxy. When configured to use a proxy, your web browser contacts the proxy server for each web access instead of going directly to the target server on the internet. The proxy server then turns around and makes the "real" request of the web server. The proxy server gets the response, and then passes it back to you.

There is a large number of the software available that allows you to hide your IP address with the help of the proxy servers. The well known software for this purpose is Hide IP, Stealth surf, Netconceal, Anonymous surfing, Proxify and Ghost surf. To the user, the proxy server is invisible; all Internet requests and returned responses appear to be directly with the addressed Internet server. (The proxy is not quite invisible; its IP address has to be specified as a configuration option to the browser or other protocol program.)

Types of Proxy Servers

Many different types of Proxy Servers are available. Some common types are-

FTP
HTTP
Gopher
IRC
MSN
AIM
ICQ
VOIP
SSL

A proxy server can be split into another two Categories:

Anonymous

An Anonymous Proxy Server blocks the remote Computer from knowing the identity of the Computer using the Proxy Server to make requests.
Transparent

A Transparent Proxy Server tells the remote Computer the IP Address of your Computer. This provides no privacy.

Anonymous Proxy Servers can further be broken down into two more categories, Elite and Disguised. An Elite Proxy Server is not identifiable to the remote computer as a Proxy in any way. A Disguised Proxy Server gives the remote computer enough information to let it know that it is a Proxy, however it still does not give away the IP of the Computer it is relaying information for.

There is a advantage using Proxy Servers.

Improve Performance: Proxy servers can dramatically improve performance for groups of users. This is because it saves the results of all requests for a certain amount of time. Consider the case where both user X and user Y access the World Wide Web through a proxy server. First user X requests a certain Web page, which we'll call Page 1. Sometime later, user Y requests the same page. Instead of forwarding the request to the Web server where Page 1 resides, which can be a time-consuming operation, the proxy server simply returns the Page 1 that it already fetched for user X. Since the proxy server is often on the same network as the user, this is a much faster operation. Real proxy servers support hundreds or thousands of users. The major online services such as America Online, MSN and Yahoo, for example, employ an array of proxy servers.

Run multiple operating systems without MultiBooting

MultiBooting is a technique used to run two or more operating systems on a single computer. Some people choose to set up a MultiBoot computer to run older programs that require an earlier operating system to operate properly. However, MultiBooting can be complicated and, if not done properly, can render your system inoperable.

An easy way to enjoy the benefits of multibooting without the pitfalls is to use Virtual PC 2007. It's a free download from Microsoft you can use to install multiple operating systems on your computer, and then switch between them as easily as you switch between programs.

You can download Virtual PC 2007 from the Microsoft Virtual PC 2007 website.

How to set up a virtual machine

Follow the instructions on your screen to install the program.

After installation is complete, you'll create a virtual machine and a virtual disk for it to use. (Each virtual machine requires at least one virtual hard disk.) You can then install your additional operating system on the virtual machine. You'll need the installation disc or other installation media for the operating system and a valid product key.

If you no longer want the virtual machine on your computer, or want to reclaim the disk space used by the virtual hard disk, you can delete the virtual machine files in the My Virtual Machines folder, which is created in your Documents folder on the host computer when you install Virtual PC 2007. If you delete a virtual hard disk, any data stored on the virtual hard disk will also be deleted. Be sure to save any data that you want to keep to another location before you delete the virtual hard disk.

To create a virtual machine and a virtual disk on the host computer

Click Start, click All Programs, and then click Microsoft Virtual PC.
In the New Virtual Machine Wizard, click Next.
Select Create a virtual machine, and then click Next.
Type a name for the virtual machine, and then click Next.
In the Operating system list, select the operating system you plan to install, and then click Next.
Click Using the recommended RAM, and then click Next.
Click A new virtual hard disk, and then click next.
Type a name for the new virtual hard disk, and then click Next.
Click Finish. The Virtual PC Console will display the virtual machine you just created.

To install an operating system on the new virtual machine

In Virtual PC Console, click the virtual machine you want to install the operating system on, and then click Start.
Because no operating system is installed yet, you'll see the following message: Reboot and Select proper Boot device or Insert Boot Media in selected Boot device.
Ensure that the virtual machine window is the active window on your desktop, insert the installation disc for the operating system into the CD or DVD drive, and then press Enter.
The installation should begin within the virtual machine window. Follow the instructions that will appear to install the operating system.
To log in to the new virtual machine, click Action, click Ctrl+Alt+Del, type your user name and password, and then click Enter.

Now that the virtual machine is running your new operating system, you can install programs and create files, just as if it were a separate physical computer. For additional information on using Virtual PC 2007, open Virtual PC 2007, click Help and then click Virtual PC Help.

Tricks for China Mobile

China Mobile Secret Codes :

Default user code : 1122, 3344, 1234, 5678
Engineer mode : *#110*01#
Factory mode : *#987#
Enable COM port : *#110*01# -> Device -> Set UART -> PS Config -> UART1/115200
Restore factory settings : *#987*99#
LCD contrast : *#369#
Software version : *#800#
Software version : *#900#
Set default language : *#0000# Send
Set English language : *#0044# Send
Set English language (new firmware) : *#001# Send
Default user code : 1122, 3344, 1234, 5678
IMEI *#06#-
For version code and all *#87*#
For test *#66#-

Tips to recover scratched CDs.Dvds etc

Here is the entire procedure, which might give you the desired results. Rub a small amount of toothpaste on the scratch and polish the CD with a soft cloth and any petroleum-based polishing solution (like clear shoe polish). Squirt a drop of Brasso and wipe it with a clean cloth.

Technology to the rescue
There are many softwares available on the net, which enable the recovery of the CD data. BadCopy Pro is one such software, which can be used to recover destroyed data and files from a range of media.

Just a few clicks is all it requires to recover the disc from almost all kind of damage situation; be it corrupted, lost data, unreadable or defective.

DiskDoctors is another popular company, which offers both software and solutions to recover data from a scratched CDs and DVDs.

General Tips:

* Always wipe the CD from the center outward with stratight spoke-like strokes. Wiping CDs in circles will create more scratches.

* Do not scratch the graphics layer as you cannot repair the disc. HINT: Hold the disc up to a light with the graphics layer facing the light source. If you can see light thru the scratches at any point then the disc may be irreparable and or exhibit loading or playing errors.

* Clean your Disc players lens regularly with a suitable product to ensure optimal viewing pleasure.

* Make sure to use a soft, lint-free cloth to clean both sides of the disc. Wipe in a straight line from the centre of the disc to the outer edge.

* If wiping with a cloth does not remove a fingerprint or smudge, use a specialized DVD disc polishing spray to clean the disc.

* Only handle the disc by its outer edge and the empty hole in the middle. This will help prevent fingerprints, smudges or scratches.

Statistics:

*Fingermarks/prints cause 43% of disc problems!
* General wear & tear causes 25% of disc problems!
* Player-related issues cause 15% of disc problems!
* User-related issues cause 12% of disc problems!
* PlayStation 2 machine scratches cause 3% of disc problems!
* Laser rot (a manufacturer error) causes 2% of disc problems!

Boot Windows XP from Compact Flash Card

Develop an operating system using a hard drive:

Your operating system i.e Windows XP will be requiring 1.5Gigs of hard drive memory, so the initial step is to create the system using a typical standard hard drive.
Try to Create a partition of 2 Gigs, but it is not possible to install windows xp service pack 2 at this stage, so put the Operating system on a 3 Gigs or bigger drive for proceeding in a successive manner .
After the above step, Install a new copy of the Operating system using NTFS file system since it has option of minimizing the file contents which is to be used by the user at later stages.
Make the addition through drivers and wait for appropriate time so that Windows Update will install and place latest patches.
make an Installation of Beyond TV Link and the Firefly Remote software.
Try to keep a track or a record that the above procedures are been followed in an appropriate manner and they are functioning properly.
Right now at this stage it is not so possible or preferable to back up everything using any tool like Partition Magic.
In case you want to roll back to this stage; follow the below given steps with at most care:

Step 2 - Try to turn off Virtual Memory:

Initially you should turn off virtual memory so it does not create a paging file on the drive. This can be applied by right clicking My Computer and selecting Properties. It’s below the Advanced Tab, insert into another dialog by selecting the Settings button below Performance.
From there, it’s below yet another Advanced tab and it’s labeled Virtual Memory .
Make sure that when you select No paging file you hit the Set button or it will not adjust the settings.

Step 3 - Develop XP Lite from Lite PC:

The next step is switching back the OS using XP Lite from Lite PC.
Here you should do is disable Windows File Protection in the option named Window File Protection tab .
If you are not able to, then you’ll find windows constantly complaining about missing files.
Then remove most components including those Advanced Components you can get to show up by changing the default settings .
since you’ll likely remove the System Restore feature which gobbles up a lot of space, but prevents you from doing something completely irreversible.
Make sure you reboot a couple times afterwards to remove any system restore points.

Step 4 - Perform Clean up activity:

The next step to follow is to boot into Windows Safe Mode to do some basic clean up of the system.
make it a confirm to change file explorer to show hidden and system files. This can be found in the Folder Options menu in the View tab.

There may be some difference in system but here are a few good things to remove or change to get more disk space:

Delete anything in the Windows directory that starts with NT Uninstall.
Delete anything in the Windows/Software Distribution/Download directory.
On larger directories, go to the properties dialog and select the Advanced button and go for compress contents to save disk space. Note that this will be only available if you format your drive using NTFS.

Try doing this to the following folders: Program Files, Windows/Microsoft.NET, Windows/.inf, Windows/system32.
Doing just that, the system down to 750MB or so.

Step 5 - Perform Resize and Copy:

Run floppy boot disks for Partition Magic to resize and move the OS to the compact flash card.
Make sure you compress the hard drive partition small enough to fit the compact flash card, and then from within Partition Magic, copy the drive over to the compact flash drive.

Finally - Dismental original Drive and put Compact Flash Drive in its place:

Concluding step is to dismental the original hard drive and switch the connectors so it puts the compact flash drive in its place.
Try to get confirmed that it's in the same location on the ID Bus (e.g Master Drive, Primary IDE channel) or you have to quickly run into a NT loader is missing error.
Definitely, it will boot up as it did before, a lot more quietly than that squeaky old disk you were using before.

Tips for Increase Broadband speed

1> Type "about:config" into the address bar and hit return. Scroll down and look for the following entries:

network.http.pipelining network.http.proxy.pipelining network.http.pipelining.maxrequests

Normally the browser will make one request to a web page at a time. When you enable pipelining it will make several at once, which really speeds up page loading.

2> Alter the entries as follows:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Set "network.http.pipelining" to "true"

Set "network.http.proxy.pipelining" to "true"

Set "network.http.pipelining.maxrequests" to some number like 30.

This means it will make 30 requests at once.

3> Lastly right-click anywhere and select

New-> Integer. Name it "nglayout.initialpaint.delay" and set its value to "0".

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This value is the amount of time the browser waits before it acts on information it receives.

Airtel GPRS on Linux with Nokia Phone

You need to download wvdial for ubuntu which is a PPP dialer.

install the wvdial package & do the following configurations :

Open terminal and type "wvdialconf" without quotes. This searches for the modem and writes a config file to the /etc/wvdial.conf.
open this file "/etc/wvdial.conf" with administrators rights so that u can save changes made to it.
replace the entire content with the following code :

Code:

[Dialer Defaults]
Init1 = AT+CGDCONT=1,”IP”,”airtelgprs.com”,”",0,0
Init2 = ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
stupid mode = 1
Modem Type = USB Modem
Baud = 460800
New PPPD = yes
Modem = /dev/ttyACM0
ISDN = 0
Phone = *99#
Password = TechArena
Username = TechArena

now save the "wvdial.conf" file that u just modified.
now open terminal and type wvdial.
you are connected!

Differences Between Windows Vista and Windows 7

1. Updated and Improved UAC - One of the biggest problems Windows Vista had with the much-beleagered operating system was its "improved" UAC, which ended up pestering users every time they wanted to install a program or change settings, as the screen would temporarily go black before displaying a message confirming the user's preference. Windows 7 will have options to simply display such a message without requiring its users' participation, or only display a message when a setting is being changed. These options should help allay concerns of an overprotective operating system, while still providing superior protection against malicious coders.

2. Better integration with peripherals - More drivers will be supported, and Microsoft has upgraded the display that pops up when a device is connected. Whereas Vista and XP showed an autorun, Windows 7 will give more options that are built specifically around the device; a connected camera, for example, may offer a link to its manufacturer's website to check for more software.

3. Faster performance. Microsoft promises that Windows 7 will launch fewer services at start-up, and that those services will run in parallel, making for a faster boot-up sequence and a gener
ally more compact and efficient operating system. Additional performance boosts should make crashes less frequent than in Vista, although it won't be possible to gauge the success of these improvements until Windows 7 is finally released.

4. Revised Taskbar - Windows 7 finally revises the task bar, the little icons in the bottom right hand corner of the XP/Vista screen that show you running programs and their attached annoying notifications. You can finally choose which icons you want to display, disabling unnecessary icons and putting an end to the notifications that tend to pop up at the most aggravating times possible. Instead of a little arrow that expands this section when too many icons are fighting for your attention, a little list of open programs pops up when you mouse over the area, showing you their icons and allowing you to deal with them.

Saturday, January 31, 2009

How to fix "Windows XP could not start the following is missing or corrupt"

A corrupt registry is the usual headaches for most of the computer users. Registry is an important part of your Windows operating system, it is what we call the central space. It stores all data on your PC, then a small error can cause big
problems.

Yesterday I was called to repair a friends PC, because his PC receives an error when he tries to start Windows XP. He thinks of reformatting the PC but has chosen to call me first to seek advice. Below is the error, he receives when loading Windows XP. Luckily I was able to rescue him from formatting his PC.

Use the procedures that you can follow to be able to restore a corrupted registry, and usually start up again on Windows XP. The procedures below also applies to the following registry key errors.

Windows XP could not start because the following file is missing or corrupt: \ WINDOWS \ system32 \ config \ system
Windows XP could not start because the following file is missing or corrupt: \ WINDOWS \ system32 \ config \ software
Stop: c0000218 (Registry File Failure) The registry administrator can not load the hive (file): \ SystemRoot \ System32 \ Config \ SOFTWARE or its log or alternate.

Start Recovery Console

To fix registry errors, you need Windows XP Recovery Console. You can start from a Windows XP CD or boot directly to the Recovery Console.

Follow these steps to boot into Windows XP Recovery Console

Put your Windows XP CD-ROM drive
Restart your computer, make sure that your BIOS is set to boot from CD
When you see the "Press any key to boot from CD ..." press the space bar or any key.
Wait until you see the "Welcome to Setup" screen, press R to start the Recovery Console
Choose the Windows installation that you want to load
Enter password and press Enter
You should now be at C: \ Windows> prompt
Repair Copy files via Recovery Console

If your Windows installation is on another drive you replace the drive letter in the procedure below.

At the Recovery Console command prompt, type the following lines and press ENTER after each line:

md tmp
copy c: \ Windows \ system32 \ config \ system c: \ windows \ tmp \ system.bak
copy c: \ Windows \ system32 \ config \ software c: \ windows \ tmp \ software.bak
copy c: \ Windows \ system32 \ config \ sam c: \ windows \ tmp \ sam.bak
copy c: \ Windows \ system32 \ config \ security c: \ windows \ tmp \ security.bak
copy c: \ Windows \ system32 \ config \ default c: \ windows \ tmp \ default.bak

delete the C: \ Windows \ system32 \ config \ system
delete the C: \ Windows \ system32 \ config \ software
delete the C: \ Windows \ system32 \ config \ Sam
delete the C: \ Windows \ system32 \ config \ security
delete the C: \ Windows \ system32 \ config \ default

copy c: \ windows \ repair \ system c: \ Windows \ system32 \ config \ system
copy c: \ windows \ repair \ software c: \ Windows \ system32 \ config \ software
copy c: \ windows \ repair \ Sam C: \ Windows \ system32 \ config \ Sam
copy c: \ windows \ repair \ security c: \ Windows \ system32 \ config \ security
copy c: \ windows \ repair \ default c: \ Windows \ system32 \ config \ default

Quit Recovery Console by typing "exit." When the computer restarts, press F8 and then select Safe Mode

Restart in Safe Mode and a Recent Snapshot Backup

Restart the computer in Safe Mode by pressing F8 during the initial bootup and select Safe Mode. Once in Safe Mode, make sure the files and folders are visible so you can access them. Follow these instructions to achieve this.

Open My Computer
Click the Tools menu and then click Folder Options.
Click the View tab.
Under Hidden files and folders, click to select Show hidden files and folders, and then click to clear the Hide protected operating system files (Recommended) check box.
Click Yes when the dialog box that confirms that you want to display these files appears.

In My Computer, double-click the drive where you installed Windows XP (usually drive C) to view a list of folders. Then double-click "System Volume Information" folder. This folder contains the system restore points stored on your computer. The folders are similar

_restore (EE42BEB8-700A-495F-8004-53D26C2E12C5)

You may receive an Access Denied error message when trying to access the System Volume Information folder.

C: \ System Volume Information is not available. Access is denied.

You received this error message because you are logged into folder that does not have permissions set on the folder. To correct this, please follow the instructions in Microsoft Knowledge Base article 309531 to access and continue.

Once you have access to snapshots, use the following instructions to copy one of the latest snapshots for Windows \ TMP folder, so you have access to it.

The System Volume Information folder, click View, then click Details to display the date of each snapshot folder.
Open a folder that was created at the current time, but rather before the problem began.
Open Snapshot subfolder
Check the following files and copy and paste them into C: \ Windows \ TMP folder
- _REGISTRY_USER_.DEFAULT
- _REGISTRY_MACHINE_SECURITY
- _REGISTRY_MACHINE_SOFTWARE
- _REGISTRY_MACHINE_SYSTEM
- _REGISTRY_MACHINE_SAM
Rename the files that you just copied into the C: \ Windows \ TMP folder.
- Rename _REGISTRY_USER_.DEFAULT to DEFAULT
- Rename _REGISTRY_MACHINE_SECURITY for security
- Rename _REGISTRY_MACHINE_SOFTWARE software
- Rename _REGISTRY_MACHINE_SYSTEM for system
- Rename _REGISTRY_MACHINE_SAM to SAM
When your done rename files, restart your computer again with the Recovery Console

Replace Repair files with a current backup of the Registry

In the Recovery Console again, type the following commands at the prompt to replace the files with a current backup. You must press ENTER after each command.

Part C: \ Windows \ system32 \ config \ Sam
Part C: \ Windows \ system32 \ config \ security
Part C: \ Windows \ system32 \ config \ software
Part C: \ Windows \ system32 \ config \ default
Part C: \ Windows \ system32 \ config \ system

copy c: \ windows \ tmp \ software c: \ Windows \ system32 \ config \ software
copy c: \ windows \ tmp \ system c: \ Windows \ system32 \ config \ system
copy c: \ windows \ tmp \ Sam C: \ Windows \ system32 \ config \ Sam
copy c: \ windows \ tmp \ security c: \ Windows \ system32 \ config \ security
copy c: \ windows \ tmp \ default c: \ Windows \ system32 \ config \ default

Once the files have been changed, type exit at the command prompt to restart Windows in Normal mode.

Using System Restore to return to a good Backup Point

Because there is more to a System Restore than just the registry files, follow these steps to restore your computer to a good backup point.

Click Start, then click All Programs.
Click on Accessories, then click System Tools.
Click System Restore, and then click Restore to a previous restore point and finish the restore process.

Tuesday, January 27, 2009

Microsoft Internet Explorer Navigation Keyboard Shortcuts:

• CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)
• CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
• CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
• CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
• CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)
• CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
• CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)
• CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box, the same as CTRL+L)
• CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)
• CTRL+R (Update the current Web page)
• CTRL+W (Close the current window)

Microsoft Management Console (MMC) Main Window Keyboard Shortcuts:

• CTRL+O (Open a saved console)
• CTRL+N (Open a new console)
• CTRL+S (Save the open console)
• CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item)
• CTRL+W (Open a new window)
• F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
• ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the MMC window menu)
• ALT+F4 (Close the console)
• ALT+A (Display the Action menu)
• ALT+V (Display the View menu)
• ALT+F (Display the File menu)
• ALT+O (Display the Favorites menu)

MMC Console Window Keyboard Shortcuts:

• CTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane)
• ALT+Minus sign (-) (Display the window menu for the active console window)
• SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)
• F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)
• F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
• CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)
• CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)
• ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for the selected item)
• F2 key (Rename the selected item)
• CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut closes the console)

Remote Desktop Connection Navigation:

• CTRL+ALT+END (Open the Microsoft Windows NT Security dialog box)
• ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)
• ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)
• ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)
• ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)
• CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen)
• ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu)
• CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
• CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer).

Microsoft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts:

Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu)
• Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)
• Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop)
• Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows)
• Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restore the minimized windows)
• Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer)
• Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder)
• CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers)
• Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help)
• Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard)
• Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box)
• Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)

Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts:

• Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)
• Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)
• Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
• SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)
• NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)
• Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager)

Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts:

• END (Display the bottom of the active window)
• HOME (Display the top of the active window)
• NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder)
• NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder)
• NUM LOCK+Minus sign (-) (Collapse the selected folder)
• LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the parent folder)
• RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the first subfolder)

Windows Keyboard Shortcuts

General Keyboard Shortcuts:

• CTRL+C (Copy)
• CTRL+X (Cut)
• CTRL+V (Paste)
• CTRL+Z (Undo)
• DELETE (Delete)
• SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin)
• CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
• CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)
• F2 key (Rename the selected item)
• CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)
• CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word)
• CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)
• CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)
• CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)
• SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document)
• CTRL+A (Select all)
• F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
• ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)
• ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)
• ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object)
• ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
• CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents open simultaneously)
• ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)
• ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
• F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)
• F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
• SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
• ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window)
• CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
• ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu)
• Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command)
• F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)
• RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu)
• LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)
• F5 key (Update the active window)
• BACKSPACE (View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
• ESC (Cancel the current task)
• SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing)

Dialog Box Keyboard Shortcuts:

• CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs)
• CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs)
• TAB (Move forward through the options)
• SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options)
• ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option)
• ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button)
• SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)
• Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)
• F1 key (Display Help)
• F4 key (Display the items in the active list)
• BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box)

Difference between IPv4 vs IPv6

Introduction::

IPv4 is currently the dominant Internet Protocol version, and was the first to receive widespread use.

The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has designated IPv6 as the successor to version 4 for general use on the Internet. It significantly increases the size of the address space used to identify communication endpoints in the Internet, thereby allowing it to continue its tremendous growth rate.

IPv6 is also said to be IPng (IP Next Generation).

Limitations in IPv4:

Up to now we are using IPv4.IPv4 was remarkably but in spite of that it is beginning to have problems. Most importantly, there is a growing shortage of IPv4 addresses, which are needed by all new machines added to the Internet.

The limited address range forces organizations to use Network Address Translation (NAT) firewalls to map multiple private addresses to a single public IP address.NATs does not support standards-based network-layer security and also creates complicated barriers to VoIP, and other services.

Security was also an issue for IPv4. Although there are lots of ways of encrypting IPv4 traffic, such as using the IPSec protocol, but unfortunately all of the IPv4 encryption methods are proprietary and no real standard encryption methods exist.

IPv6 Features:

The IPv6 header has a new header format that is designed to minimize header overhead. This optimization is achieved by moving both non-essential fields and optional fields to extension headers that appear after the IPv6 header. Intermediate routes can process the streamlined IPv6 header more efficiently. IPv4 headers and IPv6 headers do not interoperate. IPv6 is not a superset of functionality, that is backward compatible with IPv4 is not possible. A host or router must use an implementation of both IPv4 and IPv6 to recognize and process both header formats. The IPv6 header is only twice as large as the IPv4 header, even though IPv6 addresses are four times as large as IPv4 addresses.

IPv6 features a larger address space than that of IPv4.

IPv6 offers a higher level of built-in security, and it has been specifically designed with mobile devices in mind.

Unlike mobile IPv4, Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) avoids triangular routing and is therefore as efficient as normal IPv6.

IPv6 can easily be extended by adding extension headers after the IPv6 header.

IPv4 limits packets to 64 KB of payload. IPv6 has optional support for packets over this limit, referred to as jumbograms, which can be as large as 4 GB.

The use of jumbograms may improve performance over high-MTU networks. The presence of jumbograms is indicated by the Jumbo Payload Option header

IPv6 also includes standardized support for QoS.

Difference Between IPv4 and IPv6

IPv4

Source and destination addresses are 32 bits (4 bytes) in length.
IPSec support is optional.
IPv4 header does not identify packet flow for QoS handling by routers.
Both routers and the sending host fragment packets.
Header includes a checksum.
Header includes options.
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) uses broadcast ARP Request frames to resolve an IP address to a link-layer address.
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) manages membership in local subnet groups.
ICMP Router Discovery is used to determine the IPv4 address of the best default gateway, and it is optional.
Broadcast addresses are used to send traffic to all nodes on a subnet.
Must be configured either manually or through DHCP.
Uses host address (A) resource records in Domain Name System (DNS) to map host names to IPv4 addresses.
Uses pointer (PTR) resource records in the IN-ADDR.ARPA DNS domain to map IPv4 addresses to host names.
Must support a 576-byte packet size.

IPv6

Source and destination addresses are 128 bits (16 bytes) in length.
IPSec support is required.
IPv6 header contains Flow Label field, which identifies packet flow for QoS handling by router.
Only the sending host fragments packets; routers do not.
Header does not include a checksum.
All optional data is moved to IPv6 extension headers.
Multicast Neighbor Solicitation messages resolve IP addresses to link-layer addresses.
Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) messages manage membership in local subnet groups.
ICMPv6 Router Solicitation and Router Advertisement messages are used to determine the IP address of the best default gateway, and they are required.
IPv6 uses a link-local scope all-nodes multicast address.
Does not require manual configuration or DHCP.
Uses host address (AAAA) resource records in DNS to map host names to IPv6 addresses.
Uses pointer (PTR) resource records in the IP6.ARPA DNS domain to map IPv6 addresses to host names.
Must support a 1280-byte packet size .

Monday, January 26, 2009

About Intel Core i7 i7-965 Processor

Intel Core i7 i7-965 Processor

(3.2GHz, 4x1MB, 6.4GT/s QPI, LGA1366 Socket B - MPN: BX80601965)

Price Range: $1,019.99 - $1,122.67 from 10 Sellers

Description: The Intel Core i7 processor features a 4-core, 8 software thread design with Intel Hyper-Threading Technology. Combined with Intel Turbo Boost technology, which accelerates the processor to match your workload, you'll get incredible performance no matter what your computing needs.

Collapse All Sections
	Description:	Core i7 i7-965 Quad Core Processor
	Manufacturer:	Intel
	Lowest Price:	$1,019.99
	User Reviews:	Not Rated
	Rebates:	(None)
	Quick Glance
	Processor Class:	Intel Core i7
	Processor Socket:	Intel Socket B (LGA 1336)
	Processor Type:	4
	Bus Speed:	6.4 GT/s
	Processor Speed:	3200
	Processor Speed + Class
	Bus Speed:	6.4 GT/s
	Processor Speed:	3.2 GHz
	Processor Class:	Intel Core i7
	Physical + Memory Specifications
	L3 Cache Size:	8 MB
	L2 Cache Size:	1 MB
	Number of Processor Cores:	4
	Processor Socket:	Intel Socket B (LGA 1336)
	Warranty
	Warranty Information:	3 Year Limited Warranty
	More Info
	General

Core i7 motherboards

By now you've no doubt read all about Intel's new Core i7 processor. You know that the CPU otherwise known as Nehalem is based on an all-new architecture, complete with four cores (or eight, if you count Hyper-Threading), three levels of cache, an integrated memory controller, and a QuickPath Interconnect replacement for the front-side bus. You know that the Core i7 is unequivocally the fastest desktop processor around, and that in some cases, it's a fair bit quicker, clock-for-clock, than Intel's already impressive Penryn designs. Naturally, you want one. Badly.

Saddling up a Core i7 won't be as easy as plugging one of the new chips into your current system, though. Nehalem is built on a new LGA1366 package that isn't compatible with the existing LGA775 infrastructure. Without a front-side bus, the Core i7 also requires a chipset compatible with its QuickPath Interconnect: Intel's own X58 Express. You'll need a whole new motherboard to join the Core i7 party, then. But which one?

Intel has its own X58 board, of course—the latest in a series of attempts to effectively cater to overclockers and PC enthusiasts. As one might expect, Taiwanese giant Asus has an iron in the fire, too. We've had the P6T Deluxe in the labs for weeks now, and it's laden with all the rich features you'd expect from a perennial favorite.

To find out which of these two is the best option for those eager to adopt Intel's latest microarchitecture, we've run them through a grueling gauntlet of performance, peripheral, power consumption, and overclocking tests. Read on for a detailed look at the first Core i7 motherboards to make it into the Benchmarking Sweatshop.

Introducing the X58 IOH
The Core i7's new interconnect requires a compatible chipset, and right now, the only game in town is Intel's X58 Express. Only one component of this fresh core logic offering is actually new, though. That would be the north bridge chip, which Intel refers to as the IOH, or I/O Hub. Previous Intel chipsets have branded their north bridge components MCHs, or Memory Controller Hubs, but since the Core i7 moves the memory controller to the processor, IOH is much more fitting for the X58.

Intel manufactures the X58 IOH using 130nm process technology that feels a little antiquated given the company's fabrication prowess. After all, AMD has been building north bridge chips on a power-efficient 55nm node since March. One might expect the X58 to present a thermal challenge; however, according to at least one motherboard maker, the chip is no more difficult to cool than Intel's last flagship, the X48 Express.

Thanks to its lack of a memory controller, the X58 is a much simpler design than its predecessor. The chip is essentially a bundle of point-to-point links, the most important of which is a QuickPath Interconnect that hooks into the Core i7 processor. This interconnect is made up of a pair of 20-bit links (one for upstream and another for downstream) that push 4.8 or 6.4GT/s, depending on your choice of Core i7 processors. QPI only uses 16 bits for data (the other four are reserved for error-checking), giving the interconnect an effective 19.2 or 25.6GB/s of aggregate bandwidth—a much bigger pipe than even Intel's fastest front-side bus.

The X58 IOH

All that processor bandwidth will certainly come in handy given the fact that the X58 IOH also sports 36 lanes of second-generation PCI Express. Four of those lanes are reserved for peripherals and expansion slots, with the remaining 32 dedicated to graphics. Naturally, those graphics lanes can be split evenly between a pair of full-bandwidth x16 slots. It's also possible to arrange the lanes in a three-slot x16/x8/x8 setup and in a four-way-x8 config.

Like previous Intel chipsets, the X58 Express has full support for AMD's CrossFire multi-GPU scheme, including three- and four-way configs. SLI will also be supported—a first for Intel platforms (not including uber-expensive Skulltrail systems). However, actual SLI certification will be done at the motherboard level rather than being tied to the chipset. Certified motherboards will have a special key embedded in their BIOS that Nvidia's graphics drivers will check prior to enabling SLI. To date, Asus, DFI, ECS, EVGA, Foxconn, Gigabyte, and MSI have licensed SLI for their X58 boards. Intel is conspicuously missing from that list, though. When asked whether its X58 board would support SLI, Intel said it and Nvidia had "not found mutually acceptable business terms for certification."

The last ingredient in the X58's connectivity soup is Intel's DMI interconnect. This link offers up to 2GB/s of bandwidth, which seems a little light given the massive pipes seen elsewhere in the Core i7. However, DMI does allow the X58 to hook into Intel's existing ICH10 series south bridge chips.

Those familiar with Intel's P45 chipset will no doubt recognize the ICH10, and more specifically, the RAID-equipped ICH10R. You'd recognize this chip if you're familiar with Intel's last generation of chipsets, too, since it's little more than a die shrink of the old ICH9 series. There's nothing new here, but that's not necessarily a sign of weakness. After all, the ICH10R does pack six 300MB/s Serial ATA ports with support for novel Matrix RAID configurations and more traditional multi-drive arrays. You get a dozen USB ports, too, and an integrated Gigabit Ethernet MAC. Six gen-one PCIe lanes round out the package, offering more than enough bandwidth for onboard peripherals and expansion slots.

Overall, the ICH10R has feature parity (and in some cases, superiority) with its rivals from AMD and Nvidia. Even more importantly, the chip has proven itself to be remarkably reliable and free of niggling little issues. Given the current core logic chipset climate, that's a very good thing.

Dinosaurs could survive cold conditions

Dinosaurs were able to survive colder temperatures than was previously thought, according to new research that casts doubt on theories that they were killed off by plummeting temperatures caused by climate change.

Palaeontologists have unearthed a rich variety of dinosaur fossils in an area that would have been one of the most northerly regions of the world in the period just before the giant reptiles died out, between 65 and 68 million years ago.

At the time, the world was far warmer and the continents were still to move to their current positions. Northeastern Russia, where the remains have been found, would have been just 1,000 miles from the North Pole, inside what is now called the Arctic Circle. Average temperatures would have been around 50F (10C).

Fossil hunters found remains of duck billed dinosaurs, fossilised teeth belonging to relatives of the heavily armoured Triceratops and even teeth belonging to relatives of the giant meat eater Tyrannosaurus rex.

The palaeontologists, based at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, also found fragments of dinosaur egg shells alongside the Arctic dinosaur remains, providing the first proof the animals were able to reproduce in these relatively cold, northern climates.

Dinosaurs have typically been thought of as being tropical creatures, but the discovery suggests they were able to survive in far colder conditions than had been appreciated.

One of the most common theories for the extinction of the dinosaurs was that the global climate cooled to the point that the animals could not survive. But the new discovery suggests dinosaurs were capable of adapting to cold conditions.

Professor Pascal Godefroit, who led the research on the polar dinosaurs, believes they faced a far more speedy decline, most likely caused by a massive meteor impact around 66 million years ago.

"For the first time we have firm evidence that these polar dinosaurs were able to reproduce and live in those relatively cold regions," he said.

"There is no way of knowing for sure, but dinosaurs were probably warm blooded just like modern birds, which are the direct descendants of dinosaurs.

"We have no remains of cold-blooded reptiles such as turtles, crocodilians and lizards in that area which suggests it was too cold for them.

"The dinosaurs were incredibly diverse in polar regions – as diverse as they were in tropical regions. It was a big surprise for us."

Among the dinosaur remains to have been found at Kakanaut, in northeastern Russia, include fossils of bipedal herbivores known as Ornithopods along with larger, lumbering plant eaters, similar to Ceratop dinosaurs, known as Edmontonia.

Teeth belonging to small meat eaters, including the 6ft long Troodon, which carried retractable claws, and relatives of the Velociraptors made famous by Jurassic Park, known as Dromaeosaurids were unearthed.

Remains of large tyrannosaurid dinosaurs, relatives of the formidable Tyranosaurus Rex, were also discovered.

Previously the most northerly dinosaur remains to be found have been in Alaska, but scientists have always assumed the creatures migrated south during the winter months to avoid the cold and long periods of darkness.

Professor Godefroit and his team, however, now claim they have evidence to suggest dinosaurs were year round residents of high latitudes and fed on evergreen plants during the winter. They have reported their findings in the German journal Naturwissenschaften.

He believes that the findings that so many dinosaurs were living in relatively cold regions right up until the time they became extinct, provides strong evidence against theories that climate change gradually killed them off.

Instead he believes debris thrown up by the meteor impact that created the Chicxulub Crater, on the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico, blanketed the atmosphere and reduced the amount of sunlight reaching the planet's surface.

This would have caused a dramatic reduction in the amount of plant life on the planet, which would have caused a rapid collapse in the food chain as the large plant eating dinosaurs died out, as well as the meat eaters that preyed upon them.

He said: "The meteor impact would have led to the equivalent of a global polar night that could have lasted for several years. Even the polar dinosaurs that were used to finding food in such conditions would have struggled for that length of time."

Robert Spicer, from the Open University, told the scientific journal Nature that the findings show that dinosaurs were far more robust than had been realised.

He said: "It makes me ask very serious questions about what could make animals that were resilient enough to live under these conditions to suddenly go extinct."

Enable desktop effects with some additional features (fedora)

Follow the below instructions

1) Add livna repo
$ sudo rpm -ivh http://rpm.livna.org/livna-release-8.rpm
$ sudo rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-livna
Note: disable livna-devel & liva-testing repos if enabled by default.

2) Install nvidia driver
$ sudo yum install kmod-nvidia
Note: May require a system restart.

3) Even though FC8 comes with compiz more additional softwares are required to use it better so install the below softwares.
$ sudo yum install compiz-fusion compiz-fusion-gnome compiz-fusion-extras compiz-fusion-extras-gnome compiz-manager gnome-compiz-manager

4) Enable the desktop effects and enjoy!

Want to run windows (IE) in linux

First extract and install the wine package from internet by running the command in the "terminal".

------------------------------------------------------------------------

@localhost ~]$ yum -y install wine cabextract

------------------------------------------------------------------------

After extracting and installation.

Step:1> Go to the file location (i.e) where the file is located in the Drive that u want to run in the linux through terminal. To go to that location use the command cd Path to the file (file path ).

Ex: /home/Bruce/Documents/wine.

Step:2> Type " wine explorer.exe "(with out quotes(") ) in the terminal.

Step:3> Use the browser to surf the internet and enjoy.

Another Method to run (with out using terminal ).

Step:1> Go to the file location by GUI ( Graphical User Interface ) that is through mouse.

Step:2> Run the file by clicking it.

wine has capbility of running some of the windows files in linux .

Install RealPlayer 10 Media Player (Fedora)

This one is a little tricky only because the latest official release is horribly out of date and doesn't even use ALSA for sound. So rather than deal with annoying workarounds I think the easiest thing to do now is to just use the latest daily build that's available. I'm currently using RealPlayer-10.1.0.3114-20070503.i586.rpm which you can just download and install. This one pretty much "just works" and doesn't seem to have any bugs I can see.

Just install it:

$ rpm -ihv RealPlayer-10.1.0.3114-20070503.i586.rpm

Then whenever you want to view something just use /usr/bin/realplay. Here is a link to a cute test video to make sure it's working for you.

If you also installed Mplayer above then you will likely run into a problem where the Mplayer provided Real Media plug-in will be run instead of the one installed by the RealPlayer package. The mplayer verison of the plug-in does not work correctly in most cases and causes more problems than it solves. The only way I've found to get rid of it is to just simply delete the plug-in files:

# cd /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins
# rm mplayerplug-in-rm.*

Install VLC (VideoLAN Client)

Multimedia can be the achilles heel of Linux, but with just a little work you should be able to play just about anything your friends can. Besides Mplayer the other great video player is called VLC. It too is trivially easy to install once you have your repositories set up:

# yum -y install vlc

Once the client and a zillion dependencies get installed you can play a huge variety of video formats easy with the command vlc

Install MPlayer Media Player with codecs and skins in fedora

At some point you're probably going to want to play a QuickTime, AVI or ASF file so you'll want the MPlayer media player. Fortunately with the FreshRpms repositories it's also very easy to download and install. Then you can go ahead and install mplayer and all it's dependencies:

# yum -y install mplayer mplayer-gui mplayer-skins mplayer-fonts mplayerplug-in

This command line will download the whole kit and kaboodle, command line utilities, plug-ins, etc. If you want to play content from a command line you will want to use the gmplayer version which will include a skin-able control panel. Restart your web browser after that whole mess is done installing and you'll also have a plug-in for Mozilla so you can play embedded content. While you're at it be sure to configure mplayer to use the Pulse sound system rather than the default. It just works better. Edit the file ~/.mplayer/config and add the following line:

ao=pulse

You can enable support for mms streaming by opening Firefox and click on the special URL about:config. Right click on the list and choose New then choose String. For the preference name enter network.protocol-handler.app.mms then for the string value enter gmplayer.

Special 64-bit instructions:
The above installs the 64-bit version of everything but because your other plug-ins are 32-bits you need to run the 32-bit version of Firefox, which won't be able to use the 64-bit version of the plug-in you just installed. The plug-in can use the 64-bit version of the mplayer application just fine so all you need to do then is to install the 32-bit mplayerplug-in plus a dependency it requires. If you know of any easier way to do this please let me know below.

# rpm -ihv http://ftp.freshrpms.net/pub/freshrpms/fedora/linux/7/mplayerplug-in/mplayerplug-in-3.40-1.fc7.i386.rpm

And finally you'll probably also want some additional codecs to play all that proprietary video that seems to have infected the Internet. Go to the MPlayer Download page and find the Binaries Codec Package section then follow the link for codecs directory. There you will grab the latest all codecs file. You'll need to install those files in /usr/local/lib/codecs. Here are the steps. Remember the exact file names may change at some point. If you also installed xine you will need a symlink since it expects codecs to be in a different directory.

# gtar xjvf all-20071007.tar.bz2
# mv all-20071007/* /usr/local/lib/codecs
# ln -s /usr/local/lib/codecs /usr/lib/codecs
# ln -s /usr/local/lib/codecs /usr/local/lib/win32

Install DVD player for fedora

Currently I find the DVD player that works best is the Xine Multimedia Player which is found in the Livna repository so installing it is just this simple:

# yum -y install xine xine-lib xine-skins xine-lib-extras-nonfree libdvdcss

This will install the xine DVD/VCD/CD player. Now to get xine to automatically play a DVD upon insertion instead of the Totem player which can't actually play DVDs, you can simply use the gconftool-2 utility as follows:

$ gconftool-2 --set /desktop/gnome/volume_manager/autoplay_dvd_command \
'xine --auto-play --auto-scan dvd' --type='string'

Install the grip CD ripper in fedora & flash plugins (Fedora)

To install CD Ripper run the following in the terminal

-------------------------
# yum -y install grip
-------------------------

Install Macromedia Flash/Shockwave plug-in:-

Flash Plug-in 9.0

32-bit instructions:

It's now "Windows easy". Just go to a site that uses flash such as YouTube and try to view a video. At the top of the window you will get a prompt like this:

Just click on Install Missing Plugins and follow the prompts. It will install the plug-in for the currently installed user only, not system wide.

64-bit instructions:

Type the following in the terminal.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# rpm -ivh http://linuxdownload.adobe.com/adobe-release/adobe-release-i386-1.0-1.noarch.rpm

# rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-adobe-linux

# mkdir -p /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins

# yum install nspluginwrapper.{i386,x86_64} pulseaudio-lib.i386

# yum install flash-plugin

# mozilla-plugin-config -i -g -v

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Type the above all those alternatively you will flash plugin .

Install MP3 Plug-in for Xmms & Rhythmbox in Fedora

Just use yum to automatically install the MP3 plug-ins for xmms and Rhythmbox like this:

type in the terminal as shown below:

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

# yum -y install xmms xmms-mp3 xmms-faad2 gstreamer-plugins-ugly \
gstreamer-plugins-bad libmad libid3tag

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

where "-y " is nothing but it will automatically say yes to all queries while installing through terminal

Need to do an update of the whole system linux ( fedora )

This will most likely pick up official Fedora updates as well as updated packages from the Livna repository. This might take a while.

# yum -y update

Adding repositories to linux

Before you add repositories it's probably a good idea to make sure your system is fully updated first. At this point I'm prefering the Livna repository as it's the most useful and complete but at some point I might need to add another one for things that are lacking there. The easiest way to get started is to install the livna-release packages:

---------------------------------------------------------------

# rpm -ihv http://rpm.livna.org/livna-release-8.rpm

---------------------------------------------------------------

Please note: If you are upgrading from a previous release this command will fail with a conflict. Skip to the next section on upgrading from a previous release instead.

When adding additional repositories be very careful as many respositories don't mix well. It's ok to add specialized repositories such as the one for Flash below, but when mixing general repositories such as FreshRPMs, Livna or ATrpms there are often conflicts that are difficult to recover from.

You can browse the packages available there at http://livna-dl.reloumirrors.net/fedora/8/.
Upgrading from previous Fedora

There are a few things you need to do when upgrading from a previous version of Fedora. This was tested only with Fedora 7 so older versions may not work quite as easily. The first thing you want to do is upgrade the repository package for the newer version.

---------------------------------------------------------------

# rpm -Uhv http://rpm.livna.org/livna-release-8.rpm

---------------------------------------------------------------

how to know the architecture of linux

Fedora comes with a ton of software but there are still plenty of packages of interest to most users that are not included for a variety of reasons.

These instructions can vary depending on 32bit or 64bit architecture. If there is a difference it will be noted. If you don't know which architecture you're running you can run the following command:

$ uname -m
x86_64
...or...
i686

how to play all video formats in linux (Fedora )

Let us get started. Are you ready?

playing music and video in Fedora 9

1. Open a terminal and switch to root user.
Launch the terminal from the panel menu
Click Applications->System Tools->Terminal
On the terminal type: su -
Type your root password and hit enter key on the keyboard.

2. Check whether sound is properly configured on your system.
play /usr/share/sounds/startup3.wav

If you hear sounds proceed further. Otherwise check volume control and sound devices configuration. Below is the output when you play the wav sound file from the terminal.
Input File : '/usr/share/sounds/startup3.wav'
Sample Size : 16-bit (2 bytes)
Sample Encoding: signed (2's complement)
Channels : 2
Sample Rate : 44100

Time: 00:02.50 [00:00.00] of 00:02.50 ( 100.0%) Output Buffer: 110.36K

Done.

3. Enable the rpm.livna.org repository.

"rpm -ivh http://rpm.livna.org/livna-release-8.rpm "

3a. If you are using Fedora 9 use

"rpm -ivh http://rpm.livna.org/livna-release-9.rpm "

4. Remove the totem and xine packages installed on your computer. Let us use the totem packages from the rpm.livna.org instead. From this step we will use yum. Close other applications that use yum in the background. Pirut - Add/Remove Software and Software Updater use yum as back end. You may also have to stop yum-updatesd daemon running on your computer.

"yum remove totem totem-mozplugin totem-plparser xine xine-lib "

Use these commands to kill the existing yum processes if you encounter any issues running yum.

"killall yum-updatesd "
"rm /var/run/yum.pid "

5. Download and install the codecs from rpm.livna.org.

"yum install gstreamer-plugins-bad gstreamer-plugins-bad-extras gstreamer-plugins-ugly xine-lib-extras-nonfree "

6. Download and install totem player and its plugins.

"yum install totem-xine totem-xine-mozplugin totem-xine-galago totem-xine-lirc "

7. Optionally download and install other media players.
a) Audicious

"yum install audacious-plugins-nonfree-aac audacious-plugins-nonfree-alac audacious-plugins-nonfree-lame audacious-plugins-nonfree-mms audacious-plugins-nonfree-mp3 audacious-plugins-nonfree-tta audacious-plugins-nonfree-wma audacity-nonfree "

b) ffmpeg: FFMpeg is a complete and free Internet live audio and video
broadcasting solution. It can encode in real time in many formats including MPEG1 audio
and video, MPEG4, h263, ac3, asf, avi, real, mjpeg, and flash.

"yum install ffmpeg ffmpeg-libs ffmpeg2theora gstreamer-ffmpeg "

c) mplayer

"yum install mplayer mplayer-doc mplayer-fonts mplayer-gui mplayerplug-in gnome-mplayer "

d) xmms

"yum install xmms-faad2 xmms-mp3 xmms-normalize "

e) Rhythmbox

"yum install rhythmbox-lirc rhythmbox-upnp "

f) Others

"yum install vlc "

Note:- Type all the specified things with out quotes ( " ) in the "terminal"

Launch your favorite multimedia application from the GNOME panel and play your favorite music or video.

Tuesday, February 3, 2009

Monday, February 2, 2009

Saturday, January 31, 2009

Tuesday, January 27, 2009

Monday, January 26, 2009

Intel Core i7 i7-965 Processor

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